Essay on A Century of Physics - 3573 Words

A Century of Physics By the end of the nineteenth century after more than two thousand years of intellectual struggle that began with the Greek philosophers, physical scientists had reason to believe that they were beginning to understand the universe. Their theories of matter and energy, of electricity and magnetism, of heat and sound and light were confirmed in laboratories throughout the world with increasing precision. Experimentation was the method and mathematics the language of a powerful coherent body of knowledge called classical physics. For a few years before and after the turn of the century, the world was taking a breather from war and rebellion. The monumental achievements of science, technology, and industry†¦show more content†¦The chance discovery of radioactivity finally signaled the beginning of a new era in physics. As the element polonium, identified by Polish-born Marie Curie in 1898, emits radiation it changes spontaneously into lead. This discovery shattered the bel ief inherited from the Greeks that the elements are immutable and their atoms indestructible. What causes atoms to decay? What are they made of? What forces are at work inside them? Such questions were new to physics, and were to remain at its cutting edge throughout the twentieth century. The answers would affect our lives in ways no one could imagine in the year of 1900. The twentieth century began with a flurry of innovations such as the airplane, the mass-produced automobile, and transatlantic radio communication. They transformed the world, but the changes sweeping over physics at the same time were far more radical. Those brought about not just different lifestyles, but new ways of thinking. Modern physics grew out of classical physics and rest of three pillars: the quantum theory, which describes atoms and their nuclei, Special Relativity, which deals with the relationship between space and time and General Relativity, which explains gravity. The latter two were the sole creations of Albert Einstein and even the former received a crucialShow MoreRelatedProviding the basis of nineteenth century physics, Youngs Double Slit Experiment proved that light500 Words   |  2 PagesProviding the basis of nineteenth century physics, Youngs Double Slit Experiment proved that light was made up of waves. During Thomas Young’s time, it was very difficult to describe the behavior of light. The predominant theory was that light was made up of particles. However, in his experiment, Young was able to observe the interaction of light waves when passed through two slits, showing the wave-like nature of light. This report will cover the reasons for Young’s experiment, the experiment itselfRead MoreThe History of Physics Essay1534 Words   |  7 PagesThe History of Physics In order to attempt to trace the origins of the modern science that we now refer to as â€Å"physics,† we must begin with the origin of the term itself. Taken from the Greek word â€Å"physika† meaning growth or nature, physics most obviously began as the intelligent study of the human environment (Webster 393). From superstition and religious practices, the foundation of all other sciences was born. These concepts have subsequently grown into what we regardRead MorePhysics Of The Impossible By. Kaku1468 Words   |  6 PagesThe book â€Å"Physics of the Impossible† was written by Japanese American theoretical physicist Michio Kaku. Kaku generally writes books about physics or physics related topics. Among his three New Work Times best seller, Physics of Impossible is one in which Kaku utilizes discourse of theoretical advancements to acquaint themes of basic material science with the reader. In this book, Kaku represents physics in various ways so that the reader understands the significance of physics and implement in his/herRead More Physics of Aristotle Essay1394 Words   |  6 Pagesof the ancient era. 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A few of the objects studied are the Sun, other stars, galaxies, extrasolar planets, the interstellar medium and the cosmic microwave background. The study of our very own Sun has a special place in observational astrophysics. Due to the tremendous distance of all other stars, the Sun can be observed in a kindRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Atom1384 Words   |  6 Pagescame from the Greeks which made a theory â€Å"The idea that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles, or atoms, is believed to have originated with the Greek philosopher Leucippus of Miletus and his student Democritus of Abdera in the 5th century B.C. (The word atom comes from the Greek word atomos, which means â€Å"indivisible.†)† (InfoPlease Atomic theory) After that theory scientists started Wondering about this theory and a lot of Scientists made up Models and conducted Experiments to ExplainRead MorePlank, Einstein and Black Body Radiation1400 Words   |  6 Pagesplayed in scientific research. 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People had a tendency to overlook all the good and focus on the bad, which caused them to be oblivious to all the good progressions

Indigenous Tribe Of Hunter Gatherers - 1686 Words

Deep within the rainforests of the Manu Provincial Park in Peru resides an indigenous tribe of hunter-gatherers known to us as the Mashco-Piro tribe. This tribe has remained un-contacted by modern culture until recent years and as such, the tribe continues to be a source of interest among anthropologists and civilians alike, for whom the secluded nature and â€Å"primitive† culture of these people generates curiosity. The Mashco-Piro tribe has actively avoided contact with non-native individuals, however in recent years there have been a handful of sightings and interactions with the tribe reported, including a video of the tribe released by the Ministry of Environment in Peru as well as photographs of tribe members released by Survival International. With recent sightings and interactions becoming more and more prevalent many different issues arise, and precautions must be taken. Following this, the Peruvian government has banned any contact with the Mashco-Piro people as they may come into contact with bacteria and diseases for which they have not built up immunity. Further, issues regarding the preservation of culture have also been brought to light in that any interaction with the tribe allows for influences from our culture to make their way into their own. As they have in the past actively sought to avoid such situations, it would be negligent to press such circumstances upon them. A specific photograph of the Mashco-Piro tribe will be the focus of this text and as suchShow MoreRelatedAfrican Indigenous Religions Essay930 Words   |  4 Pagesfound in a cave in Still Bay in Cape Town, called the ‘Blombos’ cave. It was named by Christopher Henshilwood and dates back to 77,000 years (Wits, 2014). This rock art is the earliest depiction of religious experience and belief. A later group of indigenous people that existed in Southern Africa were the ‘Bantu Speaking Farmers’. The name Bantu speaking farmers referrers to the type of language and the style of settling these people adopted. This group of people had begun moving into Southern AfricaRead MoreSociety702 Words   |  3 Pagesproduction was limited to the amount of labor a human being could provide, and there were few specialized occupations. The very first occupation was that of hunter-gatherer. Hunter-gatherer societies demonstrate the strongest dependence on the environment of the various types of preindustrial societies. These groups were based around tribes. Hunter-gatherers relied on their surroundings for survival—they hunted wild animals and foraged for plants for food. When resources became low, the group moved to a newRead MoreAnthropology And The Study Of Culture1221 Words   |  5 Pagesanswers 2. Hunter-Gatherers a. Hunter-gatherer societies are societies in which its people rely mainly on hunting and gathering food, ranging from berries, animals, plants and just about anything edible they can find in the wilderness for their main source of food. Although societies where these techniques are used are mostly gone, there are still a few geographically isolated places where the indigenous people who live there survive solely on hunting and gathering. The basic hunter-gatherer societyRead MoreArizona s History And Government1131 Words   |  5 PagesEuropeans entered Arizona land, it was occupied by indigenous nations. These Indian tribes, also known as the Cochise tribes were made up of 3 specific groups: The Hohokam, Anazazi, and the Mogollon natives (Gawronski, 14). Originating from dates all the way back to 500A.D. these people ran the land and cultivated life from their incredibly dry and deserted Arizonan land. Over time, Indians discovered that even though their people relied on hunter-gatherer techniques, the food was not always found toRead MoreBatek of Malaysia1370 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Cultural Anthropology (GSF1049E) January 17, 2011 The Batek of Malaysia The Batek of Malaysia is a hunter-gatherer tribe, they are located in the Malaysian rainforest in groups of families. They would be considered Foragers, They live in camps of five or six nuclear families. Nuclear families consist of a Mother, Father, and their children. â€Å"The nuclear family is most common because, in a foraging setting, it is adaptive to various situations.† (Cultural Anthropology ChapterRead MoreNative American And Native Americans1292 Words   |  6 Pagespre-Columbian ancestors were indigenous to the lands within the nation s modern boundaries. These peoples were composed of numerous distinct tribes, bands, and ethnic groups, and many of these groups survive intact today as sovereign nations. The terms Native Americans use to refer to themselves vary regionally and generationally, with many older Native Americans self-identifying as Indians or American Indians, while younger Native Americans often identify as Indigenous. Which terms should be usedRead MoreNative Americans And Trading : Native American Trade907 Words   |  4 Pageslooking for gold and other treasures to bring back home. So it comes as no surprise that Native Americans would trade with outside countries. Native American Trade refers to the trade between Europeans and their North American descendants and the Indigenous people of North America, it really began before the colonial period and continued through the nineteenth century. The products traded involved a vast variety of goods and varied by region and era. Canada was a major trader with the native peopleRead MoreFrom Hunter Gatherers to Agricultural Societies2160 Words   |  9 Pagesmove from hunter-gatherers to agriculturists, and what were the impacts socially, politically, and technically? â€Å"Agriculture did not emerge from an untapped resource base or randomly distributed family or tribal units of Homo sapiens sapiens. It emerged as the result of efforts by highly organized ecologically canny communities composed of skilled hunter-gatherers.† In the beginning of what is considered burgeoning civilization, humanities ancestors were what were called hunter-gatherers. They movedRead MoreThe Australian Aboriginals are the Native People of Australia745 Words   |  3 PagesThey roamed the land for 40,000 years. The Indigenous Aborigines lived as nomads, hunter-gatherers, and â€Å"with a strong dependence on the land and their agriculture for survival (Ellie Crystal)†. The Aborigine ways of life were interrupted when Britain sent convicts to Australia. The Australian Aboriginal tribes have different ways of communicating. Most Aborigines are able to speak five different languages. The languages vary among locations and tribes. Aboriginal words are interspersed with theRead MoreIndigenous Australian And Middle Eastern Cultures1600 Words   |  7 PagesIndigenous Australian and Middle Eastern cultures have many similarities when it comes to the factors that influenced their dietary choices throughout history and today. However with these similarities also came many differences as well. Traditions, religion, certain rituals, beliefs, outside influences and historical events were all huge factors that greatly influenced the dietary choices and the future development of each of these two cultures. Before the European invasion in the 1700’s, Indigenous

The Return Shadow Souls Chapter 14 Free Essays

â€Å"All right,† Damon said as he and Elena reached Bonnie and Meredith. â€Å"Now comes the hard part.† Meredith looked up at him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 14 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Now comes†¦?† â€Å"Yes. The really hard part.† Damon had finally unzipped his mysterious black leather bag. â€Å"Look,† he said in a bare murmur, â€Å"this is the actual Gate that we have to get through. And while we’re doing it, you can have all the hysterics you want because you’re supposed to be captives.† He pulled out a number of pieces of rope. Elena, Meredith, and Bonnie had drawn together in an automatic show of velociraptor sisterhood. â€Å"What,† Meredith said slowly, as if to give Damon the final benefit of some lingering doubt, â€Å"are those ropes for?† Damon put his head to one side in an oh-come-on gesture. â€Å"They’re for tying your hands.† â€Å"For what?† Elena was amazed. She had never seen Meredith so obviously angry. She herself couldn’t even get a word in. Meredith had walked up and was looking at Damon from a distance of about four inches. And her eyes are gray! some distant part of Elena’s mind exclaimed in astonishment. Deep, deep, deep, clear gray gray. All this time I’ve thought they were brown, but they’re not. Meanwhile Damon was looking faintly alarmed at Meredith’s expression. A T. rex would have looked alarmed at Meredith’s expression, Elena thought. â€Å"And you expect us to walk around with our hands tied up? While you do what?† â€Å"While I act as your master,† Damon said, suddenly rallying with a glorious smile that was gone almost before it was there. â€Å"The three of you are my slaves.† There was a long, long silence. Elena waved the entire pile of objects away with a gesture. â€Å"We won’t do that,† she said simply. â€Å"We won’t. There has to be some other way – â€Å" â€Å"Do you want to rescue Stefan or not?† Damon demanded suddenly. There was a searing heat in the dark eyes he had fixed on Elena. â€Å"Of course I do!† Elena flashed back, feeling heat in her cheeks. â€Å"But not as a slave, dragged along behind you!† â€Å"That’s the only way humans get into the Dark Dimension,† Damon said flatly. â€Å"Tied or chained, as a vampire’s or kitsune’s or demon’s property.† Meredith was shaking her head. â€Å"You never told us – â€Å" â€Å"I told you that you wouldn’t like the way in!† Even while answering Meredith, Damon’s eyes never left Elena. Underneath his outward coldness, he seemed to be pleading with her to understand, she thought. In the old days, she thought, he’d have just lounged against a wall and raised his eyebrows and said, â€Å"Fine; I didn’t want to go anyway. Who’s for a picnic?† But Damon did want them to go, Elena realized. He was desperate for them to go. He just didn’t know any honest way of conveying that. The only way he knew was to – â€Å"You have to make us a promise, Damon,† she said, looking him directly in the eyes. â€Å"And it has to be before we make the decision to go or not.† She could see the relief in his eyes, even if to the other girls it might seem as if his face was perfectly cold and impassive. She knew he was glad she wasn’t saying that her previous decision was final, and that was that. â€Å"What promise?† Damon asked. â€Å"You have to swear – to give your word – that no matter what we decide now or in the Dark Dimension, you won’t try to Influence us. You won’t put us to sleep by mind control, or nudge us to do what you want. You won’t use any vampire tricks on our minds.† Damon wouldn’t be Damon if he didn’t argue. â€Å"But, look, suppose the time comes when you want me to do that? There are some things there that it might be better for you to sleep through – â€Å" â€Å"Then we’ll tell you we’ve changed our minds, and we’ll release you from the promise. You see? There’s no downside. You just have to swear.† â€Å"All right,† Damon said, still holding her gaze. â€Å"I swear I won’t use any kind of Power on your minds; I won’t Influence you in any way, until you ask me to. I give my word.† â€Å"Right.† At last Elena broke the stare down with the tiniest of smiles and nods. And Damon gave her an almost imperceptible nod in return. She turned away to find herself looking into Bonnie’s searching brown gaze. â€Å"Elena,† Bonnie whispered, tugging on her arm. â€Å"Come here for a sec, okay?† Elena could hardly help it. Bonnie was strong as a small Welsh pony. Elena went, casting a powerless look over her shoulder at Damon as she did. â€Å"What?† she whispered when Bonnie finally stopped dragging her. Meredith had come along as well, figuring it might be sisterhood business. â€Å"Well?† â€Å"Elena,† Bonnie burst out, as if unable to hold the words back any longer, â€Å"the way you and Damon act – it’s different than it used to be. You didn’t used to†¦I mean, what really happened between you two when you were alone together?† â€Å"This is hardly the time for that,† Elena hissed. â€Å"We’re having a big problem here, in case you hadn’t noticed.† â€Å"But – what if – â€Å" Meredith took up the unfinished sentence, pushing a dark lock of hair out of her eyes. â€Å"What if it’s something Stefan doesn’t like? Like ‘what happened with Damon when you were alone in the motel that night’?† she finished, quoting Bonnie’s words. Bonnie’s mouth fell open. â€Å"What motel? What night? What happened?† she almost shrieked, causing Meredith to try to quiet her and get bitten for her pains. Elena looked at first one and then the other of her two friends – the two friends who had come to die with her if necessary. She could feel her breath come short. It was so unfair, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Can we just discuss this later?† she suggested, trying to convey with her eyes and eyebrows Damon can hear us! Bonnie merely whispered, â€Å"What motel? What night? What – â€Å" Elena gave up. â€Å"Nothing happened,† she said flatly. â€Å"Meredith is only quoting you, Bonnie. You said those words last night while you were asleep. And maybe sometime in the future you’ll tell us what you’re talking about, because I don’t know.† She finished by looking at Meredith, who just raised one perfect eyebrow. â€Å"You’re right,† Meredith said, completely undeceived. â€Å"The English language could use a word like ‘sa.’ It would make these conversations so much shorter, for one thing.† Bonnie sighed. â€Å"Well, then, I’ll find out for myself,† she said. â€Å"You may not think I can, but I will.† â€Å"Okay, okay, but meanwhile does anyone have anything helpful to say about Damon’s rope stuff?† â€Å"Such as, do we tell him where to stuff it?† Meredith suggested under her breath. Bonnie was holding a length of rope. She ran a small, fair-skinned hand over it. â€Å"I don’t think this was bought in anger,† she said, her brown eyes unfocusing and her voice taking on the slightly eerie tone it always did when she was in trance. â€Å"I see a boy and a girl, over a counter at a hardware store – and she’s laughing, and the boy says, ‘I’ll bet you anything that you’re going to school next year to be an architect,’ and the girl gets all misty-eyed, and says, yes, and – † â€Å"And that’s all the psychic spying I care to hear today.† Damon had come right up to them without making a sound. Bonnie jumped violently, and almost dropped the rope. â€Å"Listen,† Damon continued harshly, â€Å"just a hundred meters away is the final crossing. Either you wear these and you act like slaves or you don’t get in to help Stefan. Ever. That’s it.† Silently, the girls conferred with their eyes. Elena knew that her own expression said clearly that she wasn’t asking either Bonnie or Meredith to go with her, but that she herself was going if it required crawling behind Damon on her hands and knees. Meredith, looking directly into Elena’s eyes, slowly shut her own and nodded, letting out her breath. Bonnie was nodding her head already, resigned. In silence, Bonnie and Meredith let Elena tie their wrists in front of them. Elena then let Damon tie her wrists and thread a long rope between the three of them, as if they were a chain gang of prisoners. Elena could feel a flush coming up from below her chest to burn in her cheeks. She couldn’t meet Damon’s eyes, not this way, but she knew without asking that Damon was thinking about the time that Stefan had dismissed him from his apartment like a dog, in front of just this audience, plus Matt. Vengeful cad, Elena thought as hard as she could in Damon’s direction. She knew the last word would hurt the most. Damon prided himself on being a gentleman†¦ But â€Å"gentlemen† don’t go into the Dark Dimension, Damon’s voice in her head said mockingly. â€Å"All right,† Damon added aloud, and took the lead rope in one hand. He started walking briskly into the darkness of the cave, the three girls crowding and stumbling behind him. Elena would never forget that brief journey, and she knew neither Bonnie nor Meredith would either. They walked across the shallow opening of the cave and into the small opening in the back, which gaped like a mouth. It took some maneuvering to get the three of them into it. On the other side the cavern flared out again, and they were in a large cavern. At least that was what Elena’s enhanced senses told her. The everlasting fog had returned and Elena had no idea which way they were going. Only a few minutes later a building reared up out of the thick fog. Elena didn’t know what she had been expecting from the Demon Gate. Possibly huge ebony doors, carved with serpents and encrusted with jewels. Maybe a rough-hewn, weathered colossus of stone, like the Egyptian pyramids. Perhaps even some sort of futuristic energy field that flickered and flashed with blue-violet lasers. What she saw instead looked like a ramshackle depot of some kind, a place for holding and shipping goods. There was an empty pen, heavily fenced, topped with barbed wire. It stank, and Elena was glad that she and Damon had not channeled power to her nose. Then there were people, men and women in fine clothes, each with a key in one hand, murmuring something before opening a door in one side of the building. The same door – but Elena would bet anything that they weren’t all going to the same place, if the keys were like the one she had briefly â€Å"borrowed† from Shinichi’s house a week or so ago. One of the ladies looked as if she were dressed for a fancy masquerade, with fox ears that blended into her long auburn hair. It was only when Elena saw under her ankle-length dress the swishing of a fox tail that she realized that the woman was a kitsune making use of the Demon Gate. Damon hastily – and none too gently – led them to the other side of the building, where a broken-hinged door opened into a dilapidated room that, strangely, seemed larger on the inside than on the outside. All sorts of things were being bartered or sold here: many looked as if they had to do with the management of slaves. Elena, Meredith, and Bonnie looked at one another, round-eyed. Obviously, people bringing wild slaves in from the outside considered torture and terror all in a day’s work. â€Å"Passage for four,† Damon said briefly to the slump-shouldered but heavyset man behind the counter. â€Å"Three savages all at once?† The man, eyes devouring what he could see of the three girls, turned to look at Damon suspiciously. â€Å"What can I say? My job is also my hobby.† Damon stared him straight in the eyes. â€Å"Yeh, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The man laughed. â€Å"Lately we bin gettin’ maybe one or two a month.† â€Å"They’re legally mine. No kidnappings. Kneel,† Damon added casually to the three girls. It was Meredith who got it first and sank to the ground like a ballet dancer. Her dark, dark gray eyes were focused on something no one but she could see. Then Elena somehow untangled the single syllable from the others. She focused her mind on Stefan and pretended she was kneeling to kiss him on his prison pallet. It seemed to work; she was down. But Bonnie was up. The most dependent, the softest, the most innocent member of the triumvirate found that her knees had gone solid. â€Å"Redheads, eh?† the man said, eyeing Damon sharply even as he smirked. â€Å"Maybe you’d better buy a little tingler for that one.† â€Å"Maybe,† Damon said tightly. Bonnie just looked at him blankly, looked at the girls on the ground and then threw herself into a prostrate position. Elena could hear her sobbing softly. â€Å"But I’ve found that a firm voice and a disapproving look actually work better.† The man gave up and slumped again. â€Å"Passage for four,† he grunted and reached up and pulled on a dirty bell rope. By this time Bonnie was weeping in fear and humiliation, but no one seemed to notice, except the other girls. Elena didn’t dare to try to comfort her telepathically; that wouldn’t fit in with the aura of a â€Å"normal human girl† at all, and who knew what traps or devices might be hidden here in addition to the man who kept undressing them over and over with his eyes? She just wished she could call up one of her Wings attacks, right here in this room. That would wipe the smug look off the man’s face. A moment later, something else wiped it off as completely as she could have desired. Damon leaned across the counter and whispered something to him that turned the slumped man’s leering face a sickly color of green. Did you hear what he said? Elena communicated this to Meredith using her eyes and eyebrows. Meredith, her own eyes crinkling, positioned her hand in front of Elena’s abdomen, then made a twisting, ripping motion. Even Bonnie smiled. Then Damon led them to wait outside the depot. They had only been standing a few minutes when Elena’s new vision spotted a boat gliding silently through the mist. She realized that the building must be on the very bank of a river, but even with Power directed solely to her eyes she could barely make out where the nonreflective land gave way to shining water, and even with Power directed solely to her ears she could barely hear the sound of swift deep water running. The boat stopped – somehow. Elena couldn’t see any anchor dropped or anything to fasten it to. But the fact was that it did stop, and the slumped man put down a plank, which stayed in place as they boarded: first Damon, and then his bevy of â€Å"slaves.† On board, Elena watched Damon wordlessly offer six pieces of gold to the ferryman – two for each human who presumably wouldn’t be coming back, she thought. For a moment she was lost in the memory of being very young – only three or so, she must have been – and sitting on her father’s lap while he read to her from a wonderfully illustrated book about the Greek myths. It told about the ferryman, Charon, who took spirits of the deceased over the river Styx to the land of the dead. And her father telling her that the Greeks put coins on the eyes of those who died so they could pay the ferryman†¦. There’s no coming back from this journey! she thought suddenly and violently. No escape! They might as well be truly dead†¦. Strangely, it was horror that saved her from this morass of terror. Just as she lifted her head, perhaps to scream, the dim figure of the ferryman turned from his duties briefly as if to look back over the passengers. Elena heard Bonnie’s shriek. Meredith, shaking, was frantically and illogically reaching for the bag in which her gun was stowed. Even Damon didn’t seem to be able to move. The tall specter in the boat had no face. He had deep depressions where his eyes should be, a shallow hollow for a mouth, and a triangular hole where his nose should have protruded. The uncanny horror of it, on top of the stink from the depot pens, was simply too much for Bonnie, and she slumped sideways, limp against Meredith, in a faint. Elena, in the midst of her terror, had a moment of revelation. In the dim, moist, dripping twilight, she had forgotten to stop trying to use all her senses to their fullest. She was undoubtedly better able to see the inhuman face of the ferryman than, say, Meredith. She could also hear things, like the sounds of long-dead miners tapping at the rock above them, and the scurrying of enormous bats or cockroaches or something, inside the stone walls all around them. But now, Elena suddenly felt warm tears on her icy cheeks as she realized that she had completely underestimated Bonnie for as long as she’d known about her friend’s psychic powers. If Bonnie’s senses were permanently open to the kinds of horrors Elena was experiencing now, it was no wonder that Bonnie lived in fear. Elena found herself promising to be a hell of a lot more tolerant the next time Bonnie faltered or started screaming. In fact, Bonnie deserved some kind of an award for keeping a grip on sanity this far, Elena decided. But Elena didn’t dare do any more than gaze at her friend, who was completely unconscious, and swear to herself that from now on Bonnie would find a champion in Elena Gilbert. That promise and the warmth of it burned like a candle in Elena’s mind, a candle she pictured held by Stefan, the light of it dancing in his green eyes and playing over the planes of his face. It was just enough to keep her from losing her own sanity on the rest of the journey. By the time the boat docked – at a place just slightly more traveled than the one where they had embarked – all three of the girls were in a state of exhaustion brought on by prolonged terror and wrenching suspense. But they hadn’t really used the time to think over the words â€Å"Dark Dimension† or to imagine the number of ways its darkness might be manifested. â€Å"Our new home,† Damon said grimly. Watching him instead of the landscape, Elena realized from the tension in his neck and shoulders that Damon was not enjoying himself. She’d thought he’d be heading into his own particular paradise, this world of human slaves, and torture for entertainment, whose only rule was self-preservation of the individual ego. Now she realized that she had been wrong. For Damon this was a world of beings with Powers as great or greater than his own. He was going to have to claw out a foothold here among them, just like any urchin on the street – except that he couldn’t afford to make any mistakes. They needed to find a way not just to live, but to live in luxury and mingle with high society, if they were to have any chance to rescue Stefan. Stefan – no, she couldn’t allow herself the luxury of thinking about him at that time. Once she started she would become undone, begin to demand ridiculous things, like that they go round to the prison, just to stare at it, like a junior high kid with a crush on an older boy, who just wanted to be driven â€Å"by his house† to worship it. And then what would that do to their plans for a jailbreak later? Plan A was: don’t make mistakes, and Elena would stick to that until she found a better one. That was how Damon and his â€Å"slaves† came to the Dark Dimension, through the Demon Gate. The smallest one needed to be revived with water in the face before she could get up and walk. How to cite The Return: Shadow Souls Chapter 14, Essay examples

Child Development and Literacy

Question: Understand of what optimal child development might be at any given place and time. Answer: There are several factors that affect early childhood growth and literacy. These factors may be socio-economic or cultural. Literacy is imperative to achieve success in academics. It plays a pivotal role right from the early childhood. Though everyone would like to be literate, there are several impediments on the way because of which children do not education. The socio- economic status is one of the driving factors of low achievement. Students from impoverished families face more difficulties than students who belong to the upper or middle classes. Unfortunately, poverty is a major barrier in which people get trapped and find no escape route. Poverty is one of the most influential factors in the success of a child as children must be ready to read from their very early years (Heath et al., 2014). This eagerness to learn must be nurtured right from the time children begin to understand and speak. However, poverty deteriorates the health, behavior, and achievement of a child thereby leaving very less prospect for the child to associate himself/herself with education. Poverty creates stress within a family thereby undermining healthy growth and development of the child. Deterioration of health, in turn, reduces the school achievement and cognitive ability of the child. Moreover, the environment of a child also affects his/her performance. The child must get proper opportunity to learn. This can be done through child-mother interactions. However, poverty affects the mother-child relationship. Not only poverty but harsh treatment of the child in the hands of parents can also lead to a poor growth of a child. The age between zero and five is the most significant one when it comes to a childs development of foundational capabilities. This is the period when a child learns linguistic patterns and cognitive gains. Social, emotional, moral, and regulatory dimensions are also weaved together at this point of time. It is thus crucial for the parents to become aware of their roles and responsibilities (Wittmer et al., 2016). There are several other factors that affect the growth of children. These include the inability to gain access to various services. Language barriers, transportation issues, stigma, cost, and unavailability of various services and programs wreak havoc in child development (Cherry, 2016). Before developing skills, it is vital to develop meaningful content. When children enter school, they face differentiation and categorization because of their race or class. This very marginalization affects the psychology of a child. Moreover, there are differences between the expressive language and receptive language of a child. The knowledge deficiencies reflect the limited access that children have to informal interaction. There must be compensatory education so that education programs can improve to benefit the children living in poor health and financial conditions (Faitar, 2011). Also, the literacy level and math skills must be improved to ameliorate the gap between the poor and the more advantaged ones. Teachers must be supported and there must be a professional curriculum and development for effective preschool programs and classrooms. Such strategies are important to develop children in early settings of learning. There must be programs to help low-income families' children to overcome the problems of learning in early childhood. References Heath, S. M., Bishop, D. V., Bloor, K. E., Boyle, G. L., Fletcher, J., Hogben, J. H., Yeong, S. H. (2014). A spotlight on preschool: The influence of family factors on childrens early literacy skills. PloS one, 9(4), p.15. Wittmer, D. S., Petersen, S. H., Puckett, M. B. (2016). The young child: Development from prebirth through age eight. Pearson. Cherry, K. (2016). What is child Psychology. A brief Overview of Child Psychology. Retrieve Mar. 2012 from https://theindividualist.hubpages.com/hub/socio-economicfactorsofearlyliteracy. Faitar, G. M.(2011). Socioeconomic Status, Ethnicity and the Context of Achievement in Minority Education. Journal of Instructional Pedagogies. V. 5